Liver Disorder
The Liver Diseases Unit at the Centre for Hepato-Pancreatic Biliary Diseases is a dedicated unit des
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Heart DiseasesLiver DisorderIntestinal gas is a topic that people often find difficult to discuss, but we all have gas in our intestinal tract. Gas can contribute to a sense of bloating (fullness), belching, abdominal cramps, and flatulence (gas). These symptoms are usually brief and resolve once gas is released by belching or flatulence. Some people can be more sensitive to even normal amounts of gas and develop the above symptoms. Symptoms Belching is a normal process and results from swallowed air accumulating in the stomach. The air can either be belched back or can be passed out of the stomach into the small intestine and be subsequently passed as rectal gas (flatus). Bloating refers to a sense of fullness in the upper abdomen. This can be influenced by gas and/or food accumulation in the stomach. Some patients experience the symptom with normal amounts of gastric gas. Flatulence refers to the passage of rectal gas. The gas is generally a combination of swallowed air and gas produced by the action of colon bacteria on undigested carbohydrates. Gas which accumulates in the right upper portion of the colon can lead to pain which could seem like gallbladder pain. Gas which accumulates in the left upper portion of the colon can radiate up to the chest and seem like cardiac pain. Risk Factors Excessive air swallowing, and certain foods and carbonated beverages are significant contributors to belching and flatulence. Some patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) appear to be uniquely sensitive to normal or only slightly increased volumes of intestinal gas and may develop abdominal cramps as a result. Diagnosis The diagnosis of esophageal reflux or gastric inflammation should be excluded by endoscopy (examining the esophagus and stomach with a flexible tube while the patient is sedated). If lactose intolerance is suspected, milk can be withdrawn from the diet and symptoms observed. However, lactose can be administered orally and the hydrogen gas which is generated in susceptible people can be measured in the breath. If bacterial overgrowth is suspected, your physician may administer a hydrogen breath test. Blood tests are not usually helpful for gaseous problems but testing for celiac disease may prove useful since failure to absorb wheat, barley, and rye can lead to excess flatulence. Patients complaining of excessive gas passages may benefit from keeping a “flatus” diary for three days. Treatment Dietary Eliminate carbonated Beverages (Soda & Beer) Milk & Dairy Product Chewing Gum Artificial Sweeteners If symptoms fail to respond to the dietary strategies noted above, medical help should be sought to be confident that no other underlying abnormalities are present. If symptoms fail to respond to the dietary strategies noted above, medical help should be sought.Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of airways, in which your airways narrow and swell and produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. Asthmatic_Lung The prevalence of asthma was one percent in 1964 in the country. But, new data as per WAO (World Allergy Organization) shows that about 14 per cent people now have asthma .The way these are occurring, WAO believes, that by 2050, about 50 percent of all children will have some sort of allergies. Symptoms Recurrent episodes of wheezing Troublesome cough at night Cough, wheezing, chest tightness after exposure to airborne allergens or pollutant Cough or wheeze after exercise Common Cold go to the chest or takes more than 10 days to clear Since these symptoms could occur due to the other causes also, your doctors would have to confirm the diagnosisAsthma_Trigger Asthma Trigger Dust Mite Pollens from grass, trees ,plants and flowers Indoor moulds Smoke Smell Viral infection Exercise Weather change Temperature change Cockroaches Infection in upper airway, nose, throat What happens to lung during an asthma attack? Asthma Attack The airway mucosa (inner lining of airway) swells up and secrets thick mucus, which obstructs the airways. The muscles around the airway tighten making the airway narrower. All this makes breathing very difficult. If the doctor suspects asthma how will he confirm the diagnosis? Detailed evaluation of symptoms Physical examination Routine tests for example x-ray chest, blood test etc Allergy testing- This test is done to distinguish allergic & non allergic asthma. In allergic asthma it is used to identify the specific allergen & avoidance measures are suggested accordingly. Pulmonary function testing Asthma_TestThe tests determine how much air your lungs can hold, how quickly you can move air in and out of your lungs The tests can diagnose lung diseases, measure the severity of lung problems, and check to see how well treatment for a lung disease is working. Lung function tests are done to: Determine the cause of breathing problems. Diagnose certain lung diseases, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Evaluate a person’s lung function before surgery. Check the lung function of a person who is regularly exposed to substances such as asbestos that can damage the lungs.Lung Disorder